1. Li L, Wen W, Jia R, Li Y, Liu X, Sun X, Li Z. GITRL is associated with increased autoantibody production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Sep;35(9):2195-202. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
2. Tang X, Tian J, Ma J, Wang J, Qi C, Rui K, Wang Y, Xu H, Lu L, Wang S. GITRL modulates the activities of p38 MAPK and STAT3 to promote Th17 cell differentiation in autoimmune arthritis. Oncotarget. 2016 Feb 23;7(8):8590-600.
Activation-Inducible TNF-Related Ligand (AITRL), also known as Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family-related protein (GITR), is a type I transmembrane protein that belongs to the TNF receptor superfamily. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. It has been shown to modulate T lymphocyte survival in peripheral tissues. This cytokine is also found to be expressed in endothelial cells, and is thought to be important for interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. GITR-GITRL cross-linking costimulated native and activated T cells and resulted in MAPK activation. Researches have indicated that GITRL could promote Th17 cell differentiation by p38 MAPK and STAT3 signaling in autoimmune arthritis.
1μg (R: reducing condition, N: non-reducing condition).
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