14.5 kDa (Reducing)
Reconstitute at 0.1-1 mg/ml according to the size in ultrapure water after rapid centrifugation.
1.Cell Mol Immunol. 2021 Aug;18(8):2057-2058. Epub 2021 Jul 19.
2.Biomaterials. 2021 May: 272:120786. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which belongs to the colony-stimulating factor (CSF) superfamily and was originally identified as a hemopoietic growth factor, is mainly produced by lymphocytes and innate lymphoid cells. During inflammation, GM-CSF is principally produced by T helper (Th) cells and acts as a communication conduit between myeloid cells and tissue-invading lymphocytes. GM-CSF increased Treg numbers and its immunoregulatory activities that led directly to dopaminergic neuronal protection in the substantia nigra and striatum
Measured in a cell proliferation assay FDC-P1 cells, the EC50 for this effect is less than 0.05ng/ml.
2μg (R: reducing condition, N: non-reducing condition).
>95% as determined by RP-HPLC.